The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education on Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) Consumption in Improving Anemia Prevention Knowledge Among Preconception Women
Abstract
Background: Anemia remains a major global public health issue, particularly among women of reproductive age, including those in the preconception period.
Literature Review:The World Health Organization estimates that more than 500 million women worldwide are affected. In Indonesia, anemia prevalence reaches 22.7% among women of reproductive age and increases to 48.9% during pregnancy, indicating that anemia often begins before conception. Preconception anemia is associated with adverse outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and maternal complications. One of the main causes is inadequate intake of iron-rich foods. Therefore, improving dietary habits through accessible food sources is essential. Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are rich in iron, folate, vitamin C, and antioxidants that support hemoglobin synthesis. Nutrition education has been shown to improve knowledge and dietary behavior. Preliminary data in Rejosari showed 6% anemia prevalence, highlighting the need for intervention. This study evaluates the effectiveness of nutrition education on date consumption in improving anemia prevention knowledge.
Methods: A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was used involving 25 preconception women in Pringsewu, Indonesia. Participants received nutrition education on date consumption through lectures, discussions, and leaflets. Knowledge was measured using a validated questionnaire before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05).
Results: The findings showed a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge following the intervention. Before the education session, 68% of participants had moderate knowledge and 32% had good knowledge. After the intervention, 80% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, while only 20% remained in the moderate category. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p = 0.001), indicating that nutrition education on date consumption was effective in improving knowledge of anemia prevention.
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