Factors Influencing Self-Care Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Complications At Alimuddin Umar Hospital, West Lampung In 2025

Marin i MT; Rita  Sari; Suzanna Suzanna

Marin i MT Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu
Rita Sari Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu
Suzanna Suzanna Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu

Keywords: type 2 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis, self-care management, family support, diabetes knowledge

Abstract

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious acute complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that is closely associated with inadequate self-care, delayed symptom recognition, and poor treatment adherence. Effective self-care is essential to prevent DKA recurrence and improve patient outcomes. Literature Review: Previous studies have shown that diabetes knowledge and family support positively influence self-care behaviors, while disease duration and comorbidities may affect patients’ ability to manage their condition effectively. Methodology: This cross-sectional study investigated determinants of self-care management among 29 T2DM patients with DKA treated at RSUD Alimuddin Umar, West Lampung, in 2025 using total sampling. Self-care was assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), diabetes knowledge using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ), and family support using the Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and binary logistic regression. Results: Most participants demonstrated good self-care management (62.1%). Diabetes knowledge, family support, and comorbidity were positively associated with self-care, whereas longer duration of diabetes showed a negative association. Multivariate analysis confirmed that diabetes knowledge, family support, duration of diabetes, and comorbidity were significant predictors of self-care, while age and sex were not significant. Family support emerged as the strongest predictor. Discussion: These findings emphasize the critical role of family involvement and patient education in promoting effective self-care behaviors and reducing the risk of DKA recurrence. Conclusion: Family support is the most influential determinant of self-care management among T2DM patients with DKA. Recommendation: Healthcare providers should implement structured diabetes education and family-centered interventions to strengthen self-care practices, improve treatment adherence, and reduce the recurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis.

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