The Effectiveness of Infrared Therapy And Vacuum Technique In Wound Care On The Healing Of Diabetic Ulcers
Keywords:
Infrared, Vacuum; Ulcer, Diabetic
Abstract
Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most common chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and are associated with prolonged wound healing, increased risk of infection, amputation, and reduced quality of life. Various wound care interventions, including conventional wound care, infrared therapy, and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), have been developed to accelerate wound healing and improve clinical outcomes. Literature Review: Previous studies have shown that infrared therapy enhances tissue perfusion and cellular regeneration through thermal effects, while vacuum-based wound care (NPWT) promotes granulation tissue formation, reduces edema, and removes wound exudate more effectively than conventional methods. These interventions have demonstrated superior wound healing outcomes and support the implementation of evidence-based nursing practice. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design involving three intervention groups, each consisting of 10 patients with diabetic foot ulcers (total n = 30) treated at RSU Muhammadiyah Metro. Wound healing was evaluated using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to assess within-group changes, mixed ANCOVA to compare intervention effectiveness while controlling for age, duration of diabetes mellitus, and random blood glucose levels, and Bonferroni post hoc tests for pairwise comparisons. Results: All intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in wound healing. The infrared therapy group showed a mean reduction of 9.60 points in BWAT scores (p < 0.001), while the vacuum technique group achieved the greatest improvement with a mean reduction of 9.90 points (p < 0.001). The conventional wound care group also experienced significant improvement, although with a smaller mean reduction of 2.20 points (p < 0.001). ANCOVA revealed significant differences in effectiveness among the three interventions (p < 0.05), and Bonferroni post hoc analysis confirmed that the vacuum technique was the most effective method, followed by infrared therapy, compared with conventional wound care. Discussion: These findings indicate that advanced wound care modalities, particularly vacuum therapy, are more effective than conventional wound care in promoting diabetic ulcer healing by enhancing tissue regeneration and accelerating the wound repair process. Conclusion: Vacuum-based wound care is the most effective intervention for improving diabetic foot ulcer healing, followed by infrared therapy, providing strong evidence to support evidence-based nursing practice. Recommendation: Healthcare institutions should consider integrating vacuum-based wound care and infrared therapy into standard diabetic ulcer management protocols while enhancing nurses’ competencies through continuous evidence-based wound care training.
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Kavitha, K., Tiwari, S., Bharat Purandare, V., Khedkar, S., Sameer Bhosale, S., Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan Karakkattu Vijayan Kavitha, A., & Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan, A. (2024). Choice of wound care in diabetic foot ulcer: A practical approach. World Journal of Diabetes, 5(4), 546. https://doi.org/10.4239/WJD.V5.I4.546
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Kim, J. (2023). The pathophysiology of diabetic foot: a narrative review. Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science, 40(4), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00731
Kim, J., Nomkhondorj, O., An, C. Y., Choi, Y. C., & Cho, J. (2023). Management of diabetic foot ulcers: a narrative review. Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science, 40(4), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.12701/JYMS.2023.00682
Lan, C. C. E., Wu, C. S., Huang, S. M., Wu, I. H., & Chen, G. S. (2019). HighGlucose Environment Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Increased Interleukin-8 Secretion From KeratinocytesNew Insights Into Impaired Diabetic Wound Healing. Diabetes, 62(7), 2530–2538. https://doi.org/10.2337/DB12-1714
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Lin, C., Tian, J., Zhang, Z., Zheng, C., & Liu, J. (2025). Risk factors associated with the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 20(2), e0318216. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0318216
Mariadoss, A. V. A., Sivakumar, A. S., Lee, C. H., & Kim, S. J. (2022). Diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot ulcer: Etiology, biochemical and molecular based treatment strategies via gene and nanotherapy. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 151(March), 113134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113134
McDermott, K., Fang, M., Boulton, A. J. M., Selvin, E., & Hicks, C. W. (2023). Etiology, Epidemiology, and Disparities in the Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Care, 46(1), 209–211. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci22-0043
Najafi, B., Grewal, G. S., Bharara, M., Menzies, R., Talal, T. K., & Armstrong, D. G. (2020). Can’t Stand the Pressure: The Association Between Unprotected Standing, Walking, and Wound Healing in People With Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 11(4), 657. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296816662959
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Published
2026-07-20
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